Where every number comes from
This is the full audit behind the site: for each figure the engine uses, you can see its source, when it was last verified, and whether it passed validation.
Everything on this page is generated straight from our verification ledger. Nothing is typed in by hand here, so when the ledger changes, the page changes with it.
0 Coverage
The ledger holds 444 entries, one per audited parameter. Here is where each block stands today.
| Block | Entries | verified | corrected | flagged | in progress | declared, not modelled | Covered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tax | 123 | 71 | 40 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 90% |
| Regimes | 67 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 3 | 36% |
| Cost of living | 150 | 70 | 50 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 80% |
| Exchange rates | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| Benchmarks | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 0 | 0% |
1 Tax, per city
One row per city. Sources are the laws and authorities behind the tax parameters. Deviation is how far the engine net sits from an official or reference calculator, where a validation run exists.
| City | Country | Source(s) | Last verified | Deviation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milan | Italy | L.199/2025 (Legge di Bilancio 2026) art.1 · PwC Italy · 2026 Budget Law summary · D.Lgs 209/2023 art.5 · L.207/2024 (Legge di Bilancio 2025) art.1 co.2/3 · L.207/2024 (Legge di Bilancio 2025) art.1 co.4, confirmed for 2026 by L.199/2025 art.1 · L.207/2024 art.1 co.6, confirmed 2026 by L.199/2025 art.1 | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | verified |
| Rome | Italy | L.199/2025 (Legge di Bilancio 2026) art.1 · PwC Italy · 2026 Budget Law summary · D.Lgs 209/2023 art.5 · L.207/2024 (Legge di Bilancio 2025) art.1 co.2/3 · L.207/2024 (Legge di Bilancio 2025) art.1 co.4, confirmed for 2026 by L.199/2025 art.1 · L.207/2024 art.1 co.6, confirmed 2026 by L.199/2025 art.1 | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | verified |
| Barcelona | Spain | BOE-A-2026-7296 (Orden PJC/297/2026, de 30 de marzo, bases y tipos de cotización 2026) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Spain (Individual) · Generalitat de Catalunya · escala autonómica (Decret-llei 5/2025, 25 mar 2025, DOGC/BOE-A-2025-10270), confirmada vigente 2026 por Decret-llei 3/2026 (24 mar 2026, BOE-A-2026-10430) · AEAT · Comunidad de Madrid: Importes del mínimo personal y familiar (comparativa oficial) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg | Administration des contributions directes (ACD) · tarif classe 1 2025 · ACD · Calcul en ligne du barème (saturn.etat.lu) · CCSS · plafond cotisable · CCSS / guichet.lu · Art.107 LIR / guichet.lu · ACD / PwC Luxembourg · impotsdirects.public.lu · CIS 2025 | Jul 2026 | +0.043% | verified |
| Amsterdam | Netherlands | Belastingdienst · Box 1 2026 tarieven + tabel arbeidskorting + algemene heffingskorting · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Netherlands (Individual) · Deloitte NL · Pakket Belastingplan 2026, tarieven en heffingskortingen | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Berlin | Germany | §32a EStG 2026 (Gesetze im Internet, BMJ) + LStH 2026 (BMF) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Germany (Individual / Other taxes) · Sozialversicherungsrechengrößen-Verordnung 2026 (BMAS) | Jul 2026 | +1.090% | corrected |
| Munich | Germany | §32a EStG 2026 (Gesetze im Internet, BMJ) + LStH 2026 (BMF) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Germany (Individual / Other taxes) · Sozialversicherungsrechengrößen-Verordnung 2026 (BMAS) | Jul 2026 | · | corrected |
| Madrid | Spain | BOE-A-2026-7296 (Orden PJC/297/2026, de 30 de marzo, bases y tipos de cotización 2026) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Spain (Individual) · Comunidad de Madrid · escala autonómica (Ley 13/2023) + AEAT escala estatal · AEAT · Comunidad de Madrid: Importes del mínimo personal y familiar (comparativa oficial) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| London | United Kingdom | gov.uk · Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · United Kingdom (Individual, Taxes on personal income) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Dublin | Ireland | Revenue.ie · Standard rates and thresholds of USC / Tax rates, bands and reliefs · KPMG Ireland · Budget 2026 tax rates and credits · gov.ie · Department of Social Protection, PRSI roadmap (Budget 2026) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Paris | France | URSSAF-sourced press round-up · charges salariales cadre ~25% du brut (2026) · impots.gouv.fr · simulateur-ir-ifi, aide frais professionnels 2026 · LégiFiscal · Revenus 2025 : déduction forfaitaire sur les traitements et salaires · Légifrance · Loi n°2026-103 du 19 février 2026 de finances pour 2026, art.4 I-A/B · BOFiP-Impôts · ACTU-2026-00022 (indexation du barème 2026) NO CODE CHANGE · note refreshed in data/audit-fixes-6. The engine's flat 22% models the NON-cadre blended employee rate (~22%); but this app's target persona is a Financial Analyst / FP&A professional, who in France is almost always CADRE · and the cadre blended employee rate (AGIRC-ARRCO tranche-2 + APEC + the usual CSG/CRDS) is commonly cited around ~25%. So for our typical user the 22% likely UNDERSTATES social contributions (and overstates net) by roughly the 5% shown: swapping 25% at the 3 benchmark points shifts modelled net by −4.7% to −5.9% (see 'France parigi · 22% flat SS vs ~25% cadre blended' in audit/validation-results.json). This does NOT affect the income-tax barème validation (which isolates the tax computation from a given taxable base, and is 0.000%). Left UNCHANGED and FLAGGED pending a decision on whether to model cadre (~25%) as the default given the finance-professional persona, vs keeping the more conservative general-population 22% · a product/positioning call, not a data-correctness one. Deliberately not auto-corrected. | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | flagged |
| Zurich | Switzerland | Kanton Zürich (zh.ch) · Aktuelle Gemeindesteuerfüsse / Stadt Zürich Steuerberechnung · kantonsvergleich.ch · sourced from FTA (ESTV) tax tariffs 2026, standard deductions included IMPROVED but STILL FLAGGED (data/audit-fixes-6). ATTEMPT: added a standard-deduction model · the missing Berufsauslagen + Versicherungsprämien the audit brief identified · using real ZH single-person values (Berufsauslagenpauschale 3% of salary, min CHF2,000/max CHF4,000; Versicherungsprämienabzug CHF2,600 cantonal / CHF1,800 federal). RESULT vs kantonsvergleich.ch 2026 (single): 60k engine 4,658 vs ref 4,956 = −6.01%; 80k 8,433 vs 8,467 = −0.41%; 120k 17,373 vs 17,407 = −0.20%. Two of three points now reconcile to <0.5% (including the persona's ~CHF108k range → net now accurate); max |dev| dropped from 13.7% to 6.0%. WHY NOT WITHIN 1.5% AT 60k: the pre-fix overstatement was NON-monotonic (+7.2/+13.7/+9.3, worst at 80k, not at the extremes) · a signature no deduction can fit, because at near-equal marginals across the 3 points the 60k point requires a SMALL effective deduction while 80k requires a LARGE one, which is impossible with any coherent forfait+insurance model (confirms the prior 'a flat constant can't reconcile all 3' finding). The residual is therefore a bracket-CURVE divergence, not missing deductions; closing 60k would require reshaping the simplified cantonal thresholds/rates (full re-parameterization, out of scope). Per the brief, a real deduction model was added (strict improvement, real Swiss values · not a forced constant) but the entry stays FLAGGED with the attempt documented. The interactive official calculators (ESTV swisstaxcalculator, zh.ch Steuerrechner, ge.ch calculette) are JS-rendered and could not be driven programmatically in this environment (no browser tool available) · OUTPUT was instead cross-checked against kantonsvergleich.ch, which states it sources 'FTA tax tariffs 2026' with standard Swiss deductions (Berufsauslagenabzug, Versicherungsprämienabzug) included. The engine's simplified brackets apply NO such deductions, which is the primary source of the gap below. Per the audit brief, the simplified cantonal/federal brackets themselves were NOT re-parameterized (out of scope) · see audit/validation-results.json for the full 6-point comparison. | Jul 2026 | +6.010% | flagged |
| Geneva | Switzerland | Etat de Genève (ge.ch) · Fiscalité des communes, taux de centimes additionnels · kantonsvergleich.ch · sourced from FTA (ESTV) tax tariffs 2026, standard deductions included Validated OUTPUT at CHF 60,000/80,000/120,000 gross (single, no confession, no children): engine total_tax = 7,700/13,216/26,739 vs reference 8,025/13,265/25,527 → −4.1%/−0.4%/+4.8% (2 of 3 points >1.5%, but NOT systematically biased · crosses zero, unlike Zurich). audit-fixes-6: the ZH standard-deduction fix was evaluated for Geneva and DELIBERATELY NOT APPLIED · Geneva already UNDERstates at 60k (−4.1%), so adding deductions (which only reduce tax) would worsen it; the zero-crossing profile is a bracket-CURVE divergence, not missing deductions. Brackets left unchanged, TAX-0063 stays FLAGGED. The interactive official calculators (ESTV swisstaxcalculator, zh.ch Steuerrechner, ge.ch calculette) are JS-rendered and could not be driven programmatically in this environment (no browser tool available) · OUTPUT was instead cross-checked against kantonsvergleich.ch, which states it sources 'FTA tax tariffs 2026' with standard Swiss deductions (Berufsauslagenabzug, Versicherungsprämienabzug) included. The engine's simplified brackets apply NO such deductions, which is the primary source of the gap below. Per the audit brief, the simplified cantonal/federal brackets themselves were NOT re-parameterized (out of scope) · see audit/validation-results.json for the full 6-point comparison. | Jul 2026 | +4.750% | flagged |
| New York | United States | Social Security Administration · 2026 Social Security wage base · EY Tax News · Social Security wage base to increase in 2026 · IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 annual inflation adjustments) · KPMG Tax News Flash · Rev. Proc. 2025-32: Inflation adjustments for 2026, individual taxpayers · NY Dept. of Taxation and Finance · Pub. NYS-50-T-NYS (1/26), NY State Withholding Tax Tables and Methods · KPMG This Week in State Tax (TWIST), 19 May 2025 · NY Assembly Bill 3009C rate cut · NY Dept. of Taxation and Finance · 2026 NYS/Yonkers withholding bulletin (NYC rates unchanged) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Los Angeles | United States | Social Security Administration · 2026 Social Security wage base · EY Tax News · Social Security wage base to increase in 2026 · IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 annual inflation adjustments) · KPMG Tax News Flash · Rev. Proc. 2025-32: Inflation adjustments for 2026, individual taxpayers | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | in progress |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong | MPFA · Mandatory contributions (relevant income levels) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Hong Kong SAR (Individual) · Inland Revenue Department (IRD) · PAM 61(e), Allowances, Deductions and Tax Rate Table (June 2026 edition) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Singapore | Singapore | PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Singapore (Individual) · data.gov.sg · official open-data mirror of IRAS individual income tax rate schedule · CPF Board · Who should receive CPF contributions · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Singapore (Individual, Other taxes) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Singapore (Individual, Residence) 1 item declared, not modelled | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
| Dubai | United Arab Emirates | u.ae (UAE Government Portal) · Taxation · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · United Arab Emirates (Individual) · Federal Decree-Law No. 57 of 2023 concerning Pension and Social Security · u.ae · Insurance against job loss (ILOE) · EY · UAE implements mandatory unemployment insurance scheme 1 item declared, not modelled | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
| Frankfurt | Germany | §32a EStG 2026 (Gesetze im Internet, BMJ) + LStH 2026 (BMF) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Germany (Individual / Other taxes) · Sozialversicherungsrechengrößen-Verordnung 2026 (BMAS) | Jul 2026 | · | corrected |
| Vienna | Austria | ÖGK · Veränderliche Werte 2026 · WKO · Beitragswesen Dienstnehmer 2026 · BMF · Steuertarif und Absetzbeträge 2026 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Austria (Individual) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Brussels | Belgium | ONSS/RSZ · DMFA employee contribution instructions (socialsecurity.belgium.be) · fin.belgium.be · Tax rates (income tax year 2026, assessment year 2027) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Belgium (Individual, Deductions) · FOD Financiën · tarieven-gemeentebelasting-2026.pdf (national municipal-surcharge table, row 'Brussel 4,9') · City of Brussels · council decision 15/12/2025, 'Belastingreglementen 2026 · Aanvullende gemeentebelasting op de personenbelasting voor het dienstjaar 2026' (4,9%) 1 item declared, not modelled | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Copenhagen | Denmark | Skattestyrelsen (skat.dk) bracket-tax method + Skatteministeriet §20-satser 2026 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Denmark (Individual) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Stockholm | Sweden | Skatteverket · Teknisk beskrivning SKV 433, 2026 utgåva 36 (2025-12-10) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Sweden (Individual) · Skatteverket · Kommunala skattesatser 2026 + SCB Kommunalskatterna 2026 (15 dec 2025) · Förordning (2025:1050) om skiktgräns för statlig inkomstskatt för beskattningsåret 2026 · Inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229) 67 kap. 7 §, lydelse Lag (2025:1376) · rkrattsbaser.gov.se (testo di legge consolidato) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Oslo | Norway | Lovdata · Stortingsvedtak om avgifter til folketrygden 2026, §7 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Norway (Individual) · Lovdata · Stortingsvedtak om skatt av inntekt og formue for inntektsåret 2026 (final enacted law, §3-1/§6-1/§6-3) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Helsinki | Finland | ETK (Eläketurvakeskus) · Statutory social insurance contributions in Finland in 2026 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Finland (Individual, Other taxes, rev. 24 Jun 2026) · vero.fi / Veronmaksajain Keskusliitto · 2026 valtionveron tuloveroasteikko (GP 98/2025 Finlex) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Finland (Individual, rev. 24 Jun 2026) · Helsingin kaupunki · council decision 5 Nov 2025 (kunnallisvero 5,30% for 2026, unchanged) · KPMG · Taxation of international executives: Finland | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | corrected |
| Prague | Czech Republic | ČSSZ · Přehled nejdůležitějších údajů pro sociální zabezpečení v roce 2026 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Czech Republic (Individual, rev. 7 Jan 2026) · MPSV / nařízení vlády č. 365/2025 Sb. (average wage 2026 = CZK 48,967/month) · Finanční správa ČR · sleva na poplatníka 2026 (CZK 30,840) | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
| Warsaw | Poland | Obwieszczenie MRPiPS z 19 listopada 2025 r. (M.P. 2025, poz. 1206) · ZUS 2026 cap PLN 282,600 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Poland (Individual, Other taxes, rev. 21 Feb 2026) · Ustawa o świadczeniach opieki zdrowotnej (Dz.U.2025.1461, Art. 79/81, current as of 07.07.2026) · Ustawa o PIT Art. 22 ust. 2 (Dz.U.2026 poz. 592, consolidated text) · KUP · biznes.gov.pl (Ministry of Development and Technology, updated 07.01.2026) · PIT scale rules · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Poland (Individual, rev. 21 Feb 2026) · podatki.gov.pl (Ministerstwo Finansów/KAS, updated 24.06.2026) · kwota wolna PLN 30,000 | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
| Lisbon | Portugal | CGD / PwC / comparaja 2026 · PwC Portugal 2026 State Budget / TAXCLARA.pt · Autoridade Tributária · Código do IRS, art.68.º-A · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Portugal (Individual) | Jul 2026 | 0.000% | in progress |
| Budapest | Hungary | NAV · Booklet 73, "Szja adóalap-kedvezmények" (2026.01.22) · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Hungary (Individual, Other taxes / Deductions) · Szja törvény (Act CXVII of 1995) §8 · unamended for 2026 · PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries · Hungary (Individual) 1 item declared, not modelled | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
| Toronto | Canada | CRA/Service Canada · CPP contribution rates/maximums + CEIC 2026 EI premium rate announcement (Sept 2025) · KPMG Canada · Federal and Provincial/Territorial Non-Refundable Tax Credit Rates and Amounts for 2026 (PDF) · CRA · 2026 federal tax brackets (via Finance Canada Bill C-4 release) · KPMG Canada · Federal and Provincial/Territorial Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2026 (PDF, current as of 31 Dec 2025 / 31 Mar 2026 editions) · EY Canada · Combined federal and provincial personal income tax rates, Ontario 2026 (PDF, 15 Jan 2026) · TaxTips.ca · Ontario surtax/OHP tables (confirmed to CRA information) | Jul 2026 | · | verified |
2 Expat regimes
Each modelled regime, broken down facet by facet: the rate, the cap, the duration, and how it interacts with contributions and with local tax. Below the modelled ones sit the regimes we name on the site but deliberately leave out of the engine.
Regime impatriati (D.Lgs 209/2023) · Milan, Rome (Italy)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | Merged via PR #14: exempt = 0.50 × min(bFull, €600,000); b = bFull − exempt. The taxable base b (for IRPEF, the L.207/2024 art.13 co.1-bis €65 credit, AND addizionali regionale/comunale) is reduced accordingly. SS (INPS) and the cuneo fiscale co.4/co.6 thresholds are unaffected, computed/evaluated on full gross bFull. | verified |
| rate % | Effective exemption = 50% of the taxable base up to the cap (not a rate reduction · a base reduction). | in progress |
| caps | Exemption capped at €600,000/yr of reddito agevolabile · income above the cap is taxed in full (exempt = 0.50 × min(bFull, 600,000)). Fixed by PR #14 (data/audit-fixes-1b) · main previously modelled an uncapped 50% reduction with no ceiling. | verified |
| duration | 5 years base duration under D.Lgs 209/2023 · engine models only the steady-state benefit, no time-decay across years. | in progress |
| eligibility thresholds | Employee or self-employed transferring tax residence to Italy; engine's isRegimeEligible() applies no minimum salary threshold for this regime. | in progress |
| contribution interaction | INPS is computed on the FULL gross (bFull), not the impatriati-reduced base b · and the cuneo fiscale co.4/co.6 thresholds (L.207/2024 co.7) are also evaluated on bFull, not the reduced base. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | Addizionale regionale/comunale is computed on the REDUCED (post-exemption) base b, not bFull · opposite of the INPS/cuneo treatment. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | D.Lgs 209/2023 (2024-vintage regime) only · engine does not model the pre-2024 legacy impatriati regime (70%/90% exemption tiers under the old rules) still available to some grandfathered cases. | in progress |
30%-ruling · Amsterdam (Netherlands)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | 30% of gross is tax-free, capped at the WNT norm: taxable base = gross − 0.30×min(gross, €262,000). Arbeidskorting and algemene heffingskorting are computed on the reduced (taxable) base, per the official method. | verified |
| rate % | Flat 30% exemption for today's new entrant (employment starting in 2025 or 2026), for the full remaining duration. The 2024 '30→20→10' step-down was reversed by the 2025 Tax Plan and is NOT in force. Drops to a flat 27% for entrants from 1 Jan 2027 (see transition rules). | verified |
| caps | Exempt reimbursement capped at the WNT / Balkenende norm · €262,000 salary in 2026 → max €78,600 tax-free; salary above the cap is fully taxed (modelled: exempt = 0.30×min(gross, 262,000)). Minimum-salary eligibility 2026: €48,013 general / €36,497 (under-30 with master's) · an eligibility gate, not applied inside the net calc. | verified |
| duration | 5 years maximum (60 months). Engine models the steady-state benefit for the whole duration; the 2027 shift to 27% is a rate change by entry-cohort, not a within-duration decay. | in progress |
| eligibility thresholds | isRegimeEligible() blocks internship contracts under the €48,013 (2026) minimum; the €48,013 general / €36,497 young-master's minimum-salary thresholds are eligibility gates, not applied inside calc.amsterdam (which assumes the taxpayer qualifies). | in progress |
| contribution interaction | calc.amsterdam returns ss:0 (national-insurance premiums are folded into the Box-1 bracket-1 combined rate). Under the ruling the reduced taxable base correctly lowers both credits · that interaction IS modelled. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | n/a · the Netherlands has no municipal income tax. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | Modelled for TODAY'S new entrant: flat 30% (2025 · 26 starters) capped at the WNT norm. From 1 Jan 2027 new entrants · and those who first used the ruling from 2024 · drop to a flat 27%; holders from before 1 Jan 2024 keep 30%. Documented in the RegimeExplainer copy line and cityRegimes messages. A single calc() call does not switch rate by hire-year; it models the current 30% new-entrant case. | verified |
Beckham Law · Madrid, Barcelona (Spain)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | Two-band flat scale on employment income, replacing the progressive IRPF: 24% up to €600,000 and 47% on the excess above €600,000 (art.93 LIRPF). | in progress |
| rate % | 24% up to €600,000; 47% on the portion above €600,000 (marginal top band, in force since 2021 via L.11/2020). The 47% band was ADDED in data/audit-fixes-3 · the prior model applied a flat 24% and understated tax for income above €600k. | verified |
| caps | The 24% band applies to the first €600,000; income above €600,000 is taxed at 47% (not exempt, not left untaxed). Modelled: 24%×min(g,600000) + 47%×max(0,g−600000). | verified |
| duration | 6 years (year of relocation + 5 subsequent years) · not modelled as a time-decay. | verified |
| eligibility thresholds | isRegimeEligible() marks it unavailable for freelance contracts; no minimum-salary threshold is modelled in the calc. | in progress |
| contribution interaction | SS (6.48%, capped at €58,914) is computed identically whether or not Beckham is toggled · the regime is income-tax-only and does NOT exempt social security. (Note for a future pass: the 2026 SS max base actually rose to €61,214.40/yr per the Orden de Cotización 2026; the engine keeps the prior cap as a shared policy input · out of scope for this regimes round.) | verified |
| local-tax interaction | n/a for the Beckham branch · the 24%/47% scale bypasses the Catalunya-vs-Madrid ordinary bracket split entirely, so the regional variation in ordinary rates has no analogue inside the Beckham calculation itself. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | Models the current law (post-2023 expansion to remote workers/entrepreneurs/investors) with the 2021 47% top band; no distinction from the original 2005 scope (inbound employees only). | in progress |
Régime impatriés · Paris (France)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | 70% of the (already forfait/CSG-adjusted) taxable base is subject to the ordinary progressive income-tax brackets. | in progress |
| rate % | Implemented as a 30% reduction of the taxable base (base *= 0.70), not a separate rate. | verified |
| caps | No cap is modelled · the real regime caps the exempt expat premium/bonus at 50% of total remuneration, which is not represented in the engine's flat 70%-of-base approach. | verified |
| duration | 8 years maximum · not modelled as a time-decay. | verified |
| eligibility thresholds | isRegimeEligible() marks it unavailable for freelance contracts; no minimum-salary threshold is modelled. | in progress |
| contribution interaction | SS (flat 22% of gross) is computed identically regardless of the impatriato toggle. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | n/a · France has no local/municipal income tax. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | Models only the current régime impatriés (art. 155 B CGI); does not distinguish the pre-2008 régime des impatriés rules that some long-tenured grandfathered cases may still use. | in progress |
Forskerordningen · Copenhagen (Denmark)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | Flat 27% on personlig indkomst (PI = gross − AM-bidrag), entirely replacing bundskat, kommuneskat, mellemskat, topskat, toptopskat, and the skatteloft. | in progress |
| rate % | 27% flat on PI, plus the 8% AM-bidrag (which still applies on top) = 32.84% combined effective rate on gross (8% + 27% × 92%). | verified |
| caps | No upper cap on qualifying salary · only a floor applies. | in progress |
| duration | 7 years (84 months) · not modelled as a time-decay; the flat rate applies for the full duration on any qualifying gross. | in progress |
| eligibility thresholds | Gross ≥ DKK 784,800/yr (= DKK 65,400/month floor, 2026 · revised down from DKK 77,900/month previously). | verified |
| contribution interaction | AM-bidrag (8%) still applies on top of the 27% flat rate · it is not exempted by the regime. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | Kommuneskat (Copenhagen's municipal rate) is fully replaced by the 27% flat rate · there is no separate Copenhagen-specific adjustment carved out under Forsker. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | In reality, the employer must apply for/activate the regime per employee; the engine has no employer-activation gate and applies the regime automatically whenever gross clears the floor and the `forsker` toggle is set. | in progress |
Expertskatt · Stockholm (Sweden)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | 25% of gross is exempt; the remaining 75% is taxed via the ordinary kommunalskatt + statlig formula, with pension/grundavdrag/jobbskatteavdrag all recomputed on the reduced 75% base. | in progress |
| rate % | 25% of compensation exempt (75% taxable). The proposed increase to 30% was NOT enacted · it is a 2027 lagrådsremiss (June 2026); 25% stands for 2026. | verified |
| caps | No upper cap on qualifying salary · only a floor applies. | in progress |
| duration | 7 years maximum · not modelled as a time-decay. | verified |
| eligibility thresholds | Gross > SEK 88,800/month (2026, = 1.5× prisbasbelopp SEK 59,200; Forskarskattenämnden rounds the floor to ≥ SEK 88,801) OR rare-skills certification by Skatteverket · the engine only checks the toggle `o.expertskatt`, it does not enforce the salary floor. The dead 2× rule (SEK 114,400) was corrected in the calculator comment and cities.ts copy this round. | verified |
| contribution interaction | Pension contribution (7%, capped SEK 46,380) is recomputed on the reduced 75% base (gsE), not on full gross. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | Kommunalskatt Stockholm (30.43%) still applies · the regime reduces the taxable BASE, not the municipal rate itself. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | No employer-activation requirement is modelled; single static rule set with no distinction from the 2001 introduction or any subsequent reform history. | in progress |
Avainhenkilöverotus · Helsinki (Finland)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | Flat 25% (2026) source tax on gross replaces the state + municipal progressive tax entirely; the employee's health insurance contribution is INCLUDED in the 25% (not collected separately), while TyEL pension (7.30%) + unemployment (0.89%) = 8.19% are deducted on top. | in progress |
| rate % | 25% flat (2026), down from 32% in 2025. | verified |
| caps | No upper cap · only a floor. | in progress |
| duration | 84 months (7 years) for foreign specialists / 60 months for returning Finnish citizens · not modelled as a time-decay. | verified |
| eligibility thresholds | Gross ≥ €5,800/month and non-residence in Finland for the prior 5 years · neither is enforced inside the calc, only the `o.avainhenkilö` toggle gates it. NEW for 2026: returning Finnish citizens are now eligible (previously foreigners only). | verified |
| contribution interaction | Employee health insurance contribution (sairausvakuutusmaksu) is INCLUDED in the 25% source tax and NOT collected separately (vero.fi VH/7327: 'No health insurance contribution of the insured individual is collected from the employee'; PwC: 'the sickness insurance premium is included in the flat 25%'). So the regime SS = 8.19% (TyEL 7.30% + unemployment 0.89%) with NO 1.60% health on top · VERIFIED, the engine already models exactly this (no change needed). | verified |
| local-tax interaction | Kunnallisvero Helsinki (5.84%) is fully replaced by the flat rate · no residual municipal component survives. | in progress |
| transition rules in force | The 2026 rate change (32% → 25%) is modelled as a step change with no prior-year comparison retained in the engine. | in progress |
IFICI (NHR 2.0) · Lisbon (Portugal)
| Facet | How the engine models it | Status |
|---|---|---|
| mechanics | Flat 20% on rendimento coletável (taxable base after the Cat.A specific deduction) replaces the 9-band progressive IRS. As an autonomous special rate (art.58-A EBF) outside rendimento coletável, IFICI income is NOT reached by the solidarity surtax (art.68-A CIRS) · the engine returns before applying the surtax. | in progress |
| rate % | 20% flat. | verified |
| caps | No cap on qualifying income is modelled. | in progress |
| duration | 10 years · not modelled as a time-decay. | in progress |
| eligibility thresholds | Non-resident in Portugal for the prior 5 years, plus a degree and 3 years' experience in an approved sector · none of this is enforced inside the calc, only the `o.ifici` toggle gates it. | in progress |
| contribution interaction | SS (11%) and the Cat.A specific deduction (max(8.54×IAS, SS)) are computed identically with or without IFICI. | in progress |
| local-tax interaction | The tiered solidarity surtax (2.5% €80k · €250k, 5% >€250k; art.68-A CIRS) applies ONLY to general-scale rendimento coletável · NOT to IFICI's 20% flat (an autonomous special rate). Verified vs AT (art.58-A EBF / art.68-A CIRS) + PwC: the engine correctly excludes it (early return in the `o.ifici` branch, before the surtax lines). | verified |
| transition rules in force | Models IFICI (the 2024 replacement for NHR) only; does not model legacy NHR (2009 · 2024, closed to new entrants since 2024) grandfather cases, nor the englobamento opt-in that WOULD pull IFICI income into rendimento coletável (and thus the surtax). | in progress |
Named on the site, not modelled in the engine
These regimes are real and we mention them, but the engine does not apply them. Saying so plainly is the point.
| Regime | Country | What the engine does instead |
|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg 2025 impatriate regime | Luxembourg | Not modelled · calc.lussemburgo has no regime toggle at all |
| Non-Dom regime (abolished April 2025) | United Kingdom | N/A · regime abolished before this engine's dataset vintage; correctly never modelled |
| SARP (Special Assignee Relief Programme) | Ireland | Not modelled · calc.dublino uses ordinary Income Tax + USC + PRSI only, no SARP toggle exists |
3 Cost of living, per line
Every cost of living line, per city: the value the engine uses, its source, when it was verified, and how far it sits from the reference scrape.
| City | Line | Engine value | Source(s) | Last verified | Deviation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milan | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1468 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.39% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 39 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.38% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 206 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -10.03% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 345 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -11.53% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 302 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Rome | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1103 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +0.47% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 35 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +17.14% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 182 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -12.06% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 303 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -0.03% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 245 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Barcelona | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1488 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.05% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 26 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +14.04% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 155 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -5.01% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 278 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -11.77% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 246 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Luxembourg | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2168 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +8.42% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 0 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | 0% (both repo and Numbeo report 0) | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 260 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -18.32% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 391 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -7.87% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 350 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Amsterdam | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2352 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.17% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 100 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +16% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 272 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -22.3% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 373 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -5.98% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 355 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Berlin | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1314 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +0.74% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 63 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.87% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 358 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -26.52% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 306 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -5.47% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 263 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Munich | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1550 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +6.3% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 63 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.87% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 331 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -18.02% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 332 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -6.46% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 316 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Madrid | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1378 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -1.16% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 35 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +17.14% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 180 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -14.4% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 277 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -6.78% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 245 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| London | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2678 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.02% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 268 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +14.55% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 335 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -22.09% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 362 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -0.14% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 346 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Dublin | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2336 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +6.28% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 96 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.62% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 231 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -23.33% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 369 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +1.41% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 344 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Paris | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1408 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -1.75% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 90 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.56% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 225 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -15.94% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 362 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +3.36% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 290 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Zurich | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2710 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.66% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 96 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.16% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 245 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -22.73% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 553 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -9.26% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 467 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Geneva | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2568 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +5.3% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 76 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.82% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 256 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -22.22% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 551 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -0.87% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 470 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| New York | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 3191 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -14.76% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 119 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.71% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 220 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -27.42% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 471 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +5.86% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 386 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Los Angeles | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2206 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -1.49% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 90 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -1.9% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 232 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -39.62% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 412 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -5.6% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 341 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Hong Kong | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1740 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -11.62% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 71 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -18.64% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 190 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -26.21% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 310 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +13.45% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 197 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Singapore | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2196 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -20.13% vs Numbeo | corrected |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 88 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +1.7% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 144 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -9.58% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 325 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +3.68% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 214 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Dubai | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 2084 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +4.19% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 74 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +13.13% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 207 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -20.33% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 256 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +9.76% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 258 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Frankfurt | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1274 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +6.04% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 63 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.87% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 329 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -14.16% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 330 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +1.43% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 292 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Vienna | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1159 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +3.61% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 51 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15.69% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 296 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -23.25% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 350 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -4.06% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 290 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Brussels | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1209 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +6.16% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 55 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +16.36% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 224 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -19.71% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 370 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -1.43% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 346 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Copenhagen | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1692 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.08% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 119 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +14.04% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 158 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -14.64% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 407 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.41% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 386 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Stockholm | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1492 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -3.75% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 96 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +17.38% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 246 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -16.97% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 359 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -4.01% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 317 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Oslo | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1774 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +4.97% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 71 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +17.56% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 336 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -28.53% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 442 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.58% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 383 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Helsinki | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1100 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +1.08% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 72 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +16.5% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 104 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +3.49% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 353 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +3.96% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 317 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Prague | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1155 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +10.77% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 26 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +14.24% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 272 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -10.79% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 245 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.59% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 195 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Warsaw | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1120 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +4.41% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 26 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +16.96% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 298 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -19.91% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 229 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -2.83% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 203 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Lisbon | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1447 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +1.05% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 46 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +15% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 151 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -10.15% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 241 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -12.57% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 205 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Budapest | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 848 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +7.65% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 25 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +17.88% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 160 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -23.86% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 225 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -13.05% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 193 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress | |
| Toronto | Monthly rent (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 1432 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +2.17% vs Numbeo | verified |
| Monthly transport (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 103 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +7.35% vs Numbeo | verified | |
| Monthly utilities (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 122 | Numbeo cost-of-living (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | -5.44% vs Numbeo | corrected | |
| Monthly food (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 331 | Numbeo cost-of-living · Markets section (displayCurrency=EUR) | Jul 2026 | +0.42% vs Numbeo like-for-like reference | verified | |
| Monthly misc (€/mo, EUR-equivalent) | 267 | verification in progress | verification in progress | · | in progress |
4 Exchange rates
The rates used to convert local salaries and costs into euro, all taken from the ECB reference set.
| Currency | Rate | Source(s) | Rate date | Deviation | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUR | 1 | verification in progress | · | · | verified |
| GBP | 1 GBP = €1.169 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | -0.006% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| CHF | 1 CHF = €1.087 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.015% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| USD | 1 USD = €0.876 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | -0.005% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| HKD | 1 HKD = €0.1123 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | -0.012% vs ECB (derived via USD peg (7.80 HKD/USD, HKMA LERS midpoint)) | verified |
| SGD | 1 SGD = €0.6773 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.003% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| AED | 1 AED = €0.2385 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | -0.017% vs ECB (derived via USD peg (3.6725 AED/USD, fixed since 1997)) | verified |
| DKK | 1 DKK = €0.1338 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.013% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| SEK | 1 SEK = €0.09079 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.006% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| NOK | 1 NOK = €0.08902 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.006% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| CZK | 1 CZK = €0.0414 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.01% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| PLN | 1 PLN = €0.2332 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | +0.003% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| HUF | 1 HUF = €0.002829 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | 0% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
| CAD | 1 CAD = €0.6159 | ECB eurofxref-daily (2026-07-06 reference) | 6 Jul 2026 | -0.002% vs ECB (ECB direct quote) | verified |
5 Salary benchmarks
Salaries start from one anchor per city: the Financial Analyst (FP&A) role, taken from salary surveys. The table below shows that anchor at three levels.
Every other role and level on the site is DERIVED from this anchor through fixed multipliers. Those derived figures carry no survey source of their own. Recalibration of the anchors is in progress, shown as the status below.
| City | Junior | Mid (anchor) | Senior | Source(s) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milan | €31,000 | €44,000 | €66,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Rome | €27,000 | €38,000 | €57,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Barcelona | €34,000 | €50,000 | €75,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Luxembourg | €48,000 | €68,000 | €100,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Amsterdam | €50,000 | €69,000 | €98,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Berlin | €42,000 | €62,000 | €95,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Munich | €47,000 | €69,000 | €106,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Madrid | €31,000 | €46,000 | €70,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| London | €59,000 | €86,000 | €121,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Dublin | €48,000 | €68,000 | €95,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Paris | €45,000 | €66,000 | €100,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Zurich | €93,000 | €117,000 | €151,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Geneva | €93,000 | €117,000 | €151,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| New York | €91,000 | €132,000 | €200,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Los Angeles | €75,000 | €108,000 | €164,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Hong Kong | €50,000 | €82,000 | €128,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Singapore | €55,000 | €82,000 | €128,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Dubai | €50,000 | €82,000 | €125,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Frankfurt | €50,000 | €74,000 | €114,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Vienna | €38,000 | €56,000 | €86,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Brussels | €46,000 | €63,000 | €90,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Copenhagen | €53,000 | €72,000 | €103,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Stockholm | €48,000 | €66,000 | €93,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Oslo | €53,000 | €72,000 | €103,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Helsinki | €46,000 | €63,000 | €90,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Prague | €22,000 | €31,000 | €46,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Warsaw | €22,000 | €31,000 | €46,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Lisbon | €25,000 | €37,000 | €56,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Budapest | €19,000 | €27,000 | €41,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
| Toronto | €45,000 | €68,000 | €102,000 | Robert Half / Hays / Morgan McKinley / Levels.fyi (cited generically in code comment, not attributed per city or per value) | in progress |
The anchor is the only sourced salary figure. It is a single midpoint per level, not a survey range, and it is the input every derived estimate is built on.
For how the engine turns these inputs into a net figure, see the full methodology.